![]() The bone-implant interfacial zone was primarily fibrillar (both mineralized and unmineralized) in morphology, with an electron-dense, ruthenium positive deposition. At times, these processes paralleled the implant surface. Apparently, these processes also were entrapped within canaliculi during the mineralization events. Osteocyte processes extended through canaliculi directly to the implant surface. This process formed the cellular (osteocyte) aspects of the developed bone. Osteoblasts interacted with this matrix, eventually becoming encased within developing lacunae during the remodeling process. This study suggested that an unmineralized collagen fiber matrix initially is laid down directly at the implant surface, and that this matrix then is mineralized. This study showed that the interfacial bone consists of a mineralized collagen fiber matrix associated with an inorganic (hydroxylapatite) matrix. Two-dimensional ultrastructural analyses and three-dimensional stereology showed that osteogenesis adjacent to dental implants is a dynamic interaction of osseous cells and a collagenous fiber matrix. Undecalcified interfacial tissues were serially sectioned from mandibular samples encasing 60 implants placed into 30 dogs. This report presents transmission electron and high voltage transmission electron microscopic observations of bone and associated remodeling tissues directly interfacing with endosteal dental implants.
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